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The global food system underpins our economies, societies, and wellbeing. It provides jobs for billions of people, contributes nearly 10% of global GDP, and sustains every community on earth.
Metals and minerals are the building blocks of modern life. They enable infrastructure, technology, and the clean energy transition - supporting jobs, growth, and prosperity around the world.
Buildings and infrastructure shape how we live, work and move. The built environment underpins economic growth, public health and social cohesion - yet it also drives significant pressures on nature through land take, material extraction, water use and waste.
Automotive shapes mobility, jobs and innovation worldwide. The sector spans complex global supply chains and enables everyday life - yet it also drives pressures on nature through material sourcing, manufacturing, use and end-of-life.
Fashion is culture, craft, and commerce. The sector employs millions across global supply chains and shapes how we live and express ourselves. Yet it also places heavy pressure on nature through water use, land conversion, chemical pollution, and waste from a largely linear model.
The global energy system fuels modern economies, societies, and daily life. It provides electricity, heat, and mobility to billions of people, underpins critical infrastructure, and represents a multi-trillion-dollar sector that touches every other industry.
Finance shapes every sector of the economy. Banks, insurers and investors allocate the capital that powers businesses, infrastructure and innovation worldwide.
Medicines save lives and power thriving societies. The pharmaceutical sector fuels innovation, high-skill jobs and resilient health systems - yet it also relies on nature for water, raw materials and inspiration, and can drive pressures through sourcing, manufacturing and end-of-life.
The chemical sector underpins almost every part of modern life. From fertilisers and pharmaceuticals to plastics and coatings, chemicals enable 95% of manufactured goods and generate over $4 trillion in annual value.
